The vagina hosts its own microbiome, typically dominated by Lactobacillus species that produce lactic acid and maintain an acidic pH, which suppresses the growth of harmful bacteria and yeast.
This system is largely self-regulating. Clinical guidance from gynecological associations consistently recommends against internal cleaning or douching, both of which disrupt this protective balance and are associated with increased infection rates.
External cleaning with a mild, unscented product is sufficient for hygiene purposes. Fragranced products are one of the most common causes of vulvar irritation seen in gynecology clinics.
Diet, antibiotic use, and hormonal contraceptives can all influence microbiome balance, which is one reason recurrent bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections sometimes warrant a broader conversation with a healthcare provider rather than repeated over-the-counter treatment alone.
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